Slavery In Latin America Essay example - 1641 Words

Slavery In Latin America Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than did plantations in more temperate areas of Norther Brazil or costal city’s serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African continent. This essay will look at these different situations and explore the factors that determined the treatment of slaves, the consequences of that treatment, and the conditions that lead to resistance by the slaves working in their various capacities. After the initial conquest of Mexico and South America it was time to develop the economy and export the†¦show more content†¦They could sell what they produced and this gave them money with which to effect manumissions. The plantation life had a hierarchy that separated the slaves into three levels with value attached to each one. The lowest level of the hierarchy was the â€Å"Bozal.† These were slave born on the African continent with little or no acculturation with the Spaniards and Portugese who enslaved them. They were of the least value as the least skilled and plenty there were plenty more where they came from. Though they were not completely disposable they were of the least consequence should they die or run off. Next up the pecking order were the â€Å"Ladino.† These slaves had more time in country and had developed skills useful to the plantation owner. They were often in working positions of a bit higher value as well. The top of the chain were the â€Å"Criollo.† These were slaves that were born in Latin America. They were often times offspring of Spaniards or Portugese and as such had more ties to the community. Mulatto’s were not looked down upon as they were in the American south. The Criollo held trusted positions in transportation, and were most often manumitted. Also enjoying frequent manumission was the criollo involved in the processing of the crops. Field hands made up the bulk of the population of any givenShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Latin America1676 Words   |  7 Pages#65279; Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than did plantations in more temperate areas of Norther Brazil or costal citys serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African continent. This essay will look at these different situations and explore the factors that determined the treatment of slaves, the consequences of that treatmentRead MoreEssay on Slavery in Latin America4587 Words   |  19 Pages Slavery in Latin America Chile History Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th cent., the Araucanians had long been in control of the land in the southern part of the region; in the north, the inhabitants were ruled by the Inca empire. Diego de Almagro, who was sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru to explore the southern region, led a party of men through the Andes into the central lowlands of Chile but was unsuccessful (1536) in establishing a foothold there. In 1540, PedroRead MoreSlavery in Latin America vs Us3432 Words   |  14 PagesSlavery and its Impact in Latin America Vs the United States Slavery originally started in Latin America and the West Indies by the French, Spanish, and Portuguese after the conquest, to replace the depopulated labor of the Indigenous people. Shortly after, slavery became a profitable enterprise for the capitalistic driven United States. Some of the principal laws and systems of slavery were the same in both regions, but others were later changed. It brought about many changes, with respectRead MoreEssay on Latin America And Slavery1933 Words   |  8 Pages Prior to its independence Latin America had been controlled by external forces for hundreds of years. To be freed of control from these outside interests did not in any way guarantee Latin America a return to the status quo. In fact, the inhabitants of Latin America had done very well in assimilating their in house controllers. They adopted European language, religion, color, and just about everything else that the European culture had to offer them. Although they were free to do as they pleaseRead MoreEuropean Exploration And Conquest Of Latin America1277 Words   |  6 PagesBefore European exploration and conquest in Latin America the indigenous people lived off the land working mainly to support themselves. Despite having conflicts of their own, most Latin American tribes would coexist peacefully relative to what was to come. Some, more advanced civilizations, such as the Aztec, did have conditions somewhat similar to those that would soon spread to the rest of Latin America. Wh en European settlers started to take over the Americas, however, conditions got markedly worseRead MoreGeorge Reid Andrews Afro Latin America1584 Words   |  7 PagesGEORGE REID ANDREWS: AFRO-LATIN AMERICA In this paper, I would arguer that the history of USA is intertwined with the issue of Blacks – their enslavement and freedom but it has not as yet been focused that this subject has far greater impact in Central and Latin America, thus the greater impact of blacks in Central and Latin America would be the main theme or argument of this paper. This book, Afro-Latin America by George Reid, is the first attempt to focus on this side of the African DiasporaRead MoreGeorge Douglas And Abraham Lincoln903 Words   |  4 PagesIn Robert E. May’s, Slavery, Race, and Conquest in the Tropic, May tackles the notion of slavery in the tropics and how Douglas and Lincoln campaigned against slavery in the tropics . He first states the differences between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln’s positions concerning southward expansionism and how these two influential men arrived at and supported their stances. Robert May goes on to show potential U.S. expansion into Latin American and Caribbean territories led to the growing discontentRead MoreSimilarities And D ifferences Between The French And Latin American Revolutions1044 Words   |  5 PagesFrom 1750 to 1914, several important revolutionary processes occurred in the Americas, including those of North America and Latin America. The North American and Spanish American Revolutions were similar in that they both shared the common goal of liberation from the foreign colonial governments that ruled over them. However they differed in that there was no goal for social reform in the American Revolution, but in the Haitian Revolution the slaves had the goal of social reform of the rigid socialRead MoreThe Haitian Revolution And Latin American History1278 Words   |  6 Pages The Haitian Revolution was one of the most important slave revolts in Latin American history. It started a succession of other revolutionary wars in Latin America and ended both colonialism and imperialism in the Americas. The Haitian Revolution affected people from all social castes in Haiti including the indigenous na tives, mestizos, mulattos and the Afro-Latin. The idea of starting a rebellion against France began with the colony’s white elite class seeking a capitalist market. These elites inRead MoreLatin America Revolutions Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesVienna, revolts plagued many European countries as well as several areas in Latin America. France was driven from Haiti, Portugal lost control of Brazil, and Spain was forced to withdraw from all its American empire except for Cuba and Puerto Rico. Colonial government in South America came to an end. Three countries where revolts were successfully established were Haiti, Venezuela, and Brazil. The countries in Latin America benefited from the revolts because they became free from colonial rule, but

Essay about Professional Athletes and Enhacer Drugs

Did you know that 95% of professional athletes take enhancer drugs? There are many people in the NFL (National Football League) and MLB (Major League Baseball) that take more drugs than any other sport. I hate how athletes today take enhancement drugs to make them better in sports. (The use of performance-enhancing drugs is becoming relatively mainstream. Approximately 3 million people in the United States have used anabolic steroids (Silver 2001), with usage rates as high as 12% among young men and 2% among young women (Bahrke, Yesalis Brower 1998). Not only are newscasts filled with reports of steroid use by both Olympic and professional athletes, but studies indicate that even teen athletes are using these performance enhancing†¦show more content†¦It is VERY illegal to have enhancement drugs in sports because it is wrong and it is cheating. It is a way to make yourself better at which if you take the drugs youre just basically telling the whole world that you suck. The drugs can also affect the way you play because you are more likely to miss a game winning goal or shot for your team because youre on so much drugs just to win a game. If you are a professional athlete and you take drugs you are showing your kids that it is right to take drugs whe n they get into competitive sports. When you take a drug you better be careful because you never know who is watching you. You can get in huge trouble even for just taking a couple of enhancer drugs to get that one big hit over the fence or that one great play up the middle. Just like Nelson Cruz (famous MLB player) last year he took enhancer drugs in the middle of baseball season and he got suspended 150 games just for taking and little bit. Josh Hamilton (famous MLB player) 2 years ago kept on going to bars and getting drunk and he kept on taking drugs. He didnt take enhancement drugs he was taking illegal drugs and eventually everyone found out. During one game he told his coach he couldn’t see anything and it was because was drinking too much energy drinks and every time he came up to bat he would strike out because he couldnt really see the ball. There are many side effects to enhancement drugs like they can make you bigger

Ethical and Legal Decision-Making Framework Sample for Students

Question: Discuss about the Ethical and Legal Decision-Making Framework. Answer: On encompassing the fact that concerns the various categories of psychiatric illness, the patients are observed for typically two kinds of reaction towards their treatment procedures. They are seen to respond either voluntarily towards the treatment envisaged to be administered upon them as a needful measure or are found to show strong involuntary and resistant reaction to it. A majority of the patients found with a general inclination to defy and show resentment to the fact that they are in need of being treated for a psychological problem. The general and the most usual reaction to it come with the elicitation of the awareness that he or she might be related to a mentally unstable or abnormal condition which may lead to outcast them from the general population. For the patients who are confronted with such kind of psychological problem do end up resulting in developing a number of physiological ailments and injuries in the due course (Davidson et al. 2016). They are seen to give re levance to the physiological aspect instead of investing their energy and resources upon getting the root cause identified and cured. The health practitioners try to engage the patient to get the most suitable treatment to make it most effective for the person to reach almost a state of pre-morbidity. The present case scenario is found to depict a similar situation where Hai is primarily found to get affected by physical injuries for which he had taken treatment from the health care professionals. Mark was seen to play a role of an extremely responsible health care professional who tried to locate the cause of the sudden injury that incurred to Hai. Mark found that it was due to the underlying psychiatric illness he has within that has led to the physiological consequences occurred. Under the Metal Health Act 2000 (QLD) and the Mental Health Act 2016 (QLD) it can be found that there lies a significant cause which states as follows. Under the clause of Monitoring Conditions Recommendation 18: it has been mentioned that on being sure of the patient to be diagnosed as affected with a psychological illness that requires immediate attention and clinical treatment, they seem to possess certain authoritarian rights. Encompassing this legal provision as stated precisely under the protocol of Mental Health Act (QLD) there may be risks arising due to the patients non-cooperation to avail the treatment of the various health and social care services (Broadhead, 2015). The patient, who is already at a stage of serious vulnerability on being affected with a serious psychiatric illness, becomes even more prone to causing the risk if the patient fails to show compliance towards the necessary provision of treatment. On knowing and judging the extent of psychological illness with in the patient the professionals are able to assess the range of impact it shall have upon the patient's mental well-being (Stanhope Lancaster, 2015). They seem to suggest big time monitoring and control over the patients health condition to not only treat him or her but also make the environment safe around for leading to cause potential trouble and adverse effects by the patient. Hai on being a typical involuntary case of psychiatry needs to be dealt in the proper skillful and sensitive manner so that he is unable to show the amount of resistance that he has projected towards the professionals. Mark has significantly identified the fact that his falling down from the terrace of the roof is not normal which led him to further dig into the matter (Ross, Gale Goetz, 2016). This investigation involved the active participation of Dr Chin who has examined Hai for his illnesses. Hai on becoming comfortable with Dr Chin has revealed the fact that he heard and saw voices of intruders in his room who asked him to jump down from the terrace. This discovery has led Dr Chin to consult with Mark who has shown enough responsibility in treating Hai. Hai was later found to completely deny the fact that he has heard or seen any intruder in his room. Mark and Dr Chin became sure of their diagnosis of Hai being affected by a serious psychotic disorder which encompasses primaril y delusionary and hallucinatory symptoms. It is due to his delusionary disorder that he is affected greatly by his psychological state of condition (Price et al. 2014). Hai is seen to show a great amount of aggression, disgust and resentment on being identified and recognised as a psychiatric patient. The psychiatric ailment is necessarily that part of a mental condition that is not very easy to find a remedy for as in a case of physiological problems. The psychiatrist professionals such as that of Dr Chin in the present scenario have evidently identified the present condition and the causes that have led Hai to develop this kind of mental state gradually. The mental health professionals concerning the present scenario have the complete authority to take the governance of the patient under consideration. Taking the recommendation 23 constituting the Mental Health Act of 2000 and 2016 (QLD) the authorization needs to be identified fundamentally from the part of the concerned family members of the patient. The diagnosis needs to be strong enough to be sure of confirming the fact of identifying the patient as affected with the specified psychiatric illness. In the present case it can be evidently noticed that Hai is diagnosed over an again to be sure of the fact that he is consisting of the particular mental illness. Dr Chin has taken relevant and effective measures to trace back the history of Hai to gain knowledge regarding the clinical background which is found to support the diagnosis thus made on him (Gunn Taylor, 2014). On the basis of this diagnosis, it has been essentially decided by the psychological professionals to deal with t he particular patient in a skilful yet sensitive manner. Hai has been found to show continual restraint over that fact that he is in a condition to seek treatment concerning the field of mental health. There is need to abide by certain specific ethical and legal proceedings before conducting or administering the treatment process over Hai, who himself is at an involuntary state. According to the clause of the Act, the clinical reports based upon the diagnosis thus made needs to be submitted to the relevant authorities such as the patient family, the governance body. This step shall be the fundamental stone for the health care professionals to be able to administer or start with the treatment that is required to be conducted over Hai. As Hai at the particular moment is found to be in an extremely vulnerable state where he can pose risk not only risk for himself but for the others around him, emergency measures can be required at any point of time. However, it is ethically as well as legally suggestible to follow the advice of a legally sound advisor who will be able to monitor the entire routine of treatment that shall be scheduled for Hai. The members of his family need to be infor med and made aware of the all the treatments that are conducted over him (Teaster Sokan, 2016). The mental condition of Hai as before the application of treatment must be brought into comparison with that of the state that is achieved after every interval of treatment that is implemented upon the individual. It can come across that as the patient is of involuntary nature, there can be certain unfavourable consequences based upon the initiation of treatment made by RN Mark Traves. He needs to follow certain necessary precaution measures to be able to deal with the situation in a smooth manner without facing adverse problems. The professional ethics has also certain restrictions and the activities and behaviour confide within a set boundary even if the patients condition is judged well by the practitioner. Fulfilling the professional ethics and limitations posed by the legal proceedings, the medical health caregivers need to for,emulate their duties towards their patients. Like in a case of the present scenario it can be evidently observed that Mar has taken enough initiative for investigating and resolving the psychiatric illness and the cause for which it has emerged in the life of Hai. Hai has been resistant about the entire episode and has instead voiced his opinion on the fact that si nce he is much evolved in the health and social care sector he claims to have proficient knowledge in this field and is henceforth equipped enough to be able to deal with his own physical and mental state by himself (Phelps et al. 2015). From this case scenario, it, however, be inferred that although there are certain necessary areas which make the medical practitioner bound to become prone towards fulfilling his duties towards his patients, but there lies a simultaneous boundary of ethical and legal proceedings that need to be abided (Holloway Galvin, 2016). The role of the practitioner becomes restricted or restrained to some extent for performing the best of their capabilities. The professional ethics cannot necessarily be overlooked or avoided while dealing with special cases as such. As the family member like Hais brother, in this case, is seen to support the professional steps initiated the implications can be positive in turn. References Broadhead, R. (2015). Professional, Legal and Ethical Issues in Prescribing Practice.The Textbook of Non-Medical Prescribing,35. Davidson, G., Brophy, L., Campbell, J., Farrell, S. J., Gooding, P., O'Brien, A. M. (2016). An international comparison of legal frameworks for supported and substitute decision-making in mental health services.International journal of law and psychiatry,44, 30-40. Gunn, J., Taylor, P. (2014).Forensic psychiatry: clinical, legal and ethical issues. CRC Press. Holloway, I., Galvin, K. (2016).Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Phelps, K., Regen, E., Oliver, D., McDermott, C., Faull, C. (2015). Withdrawal of ventilation at the patient's request in MND: a retrospective exploration of the ethical and legal issues that have arisen for doctors in the UK.BMJ supportive palliative care, bmjspcare-2014. Price, A., McCormack, R., Wiseman, T., Hotopf, M. (2014). Concepts of mental capacity for patients requesting assisted suicide: a qualitative analysis of expert evidence presented to the Commission on Assisted Dying.BMC medical ethics,15(1), 32. Ross, D. B., Gale, J., Goetz, J. (2016). Ethical Issues and Decision Making in Collaborative Financial Therapy.Journal of Financial Therapy,7(1), 3. Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2015).Public health nursing: Population-centered health care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences. Teaster, P. B., Sokan, A. E. (2016). Ethical Standards and Practices in Human Services and Health Care for LGBT Elders. InHandbook of LGBT Elders(pp. 639-655). Springer International Publishing.

Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham Essay Example

Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham Essay My aim is to find out if people have different ideas of what racism is. Can race affect the perceptions of racism of Newham youth? I intend to interview several Newham youths, from different races and cultures to find out what they believe racism is and why. A study by E.J Rose et al shows that racism differs depending on your social group, which is why I want to do this research. My research has social significance because racism is still a problem in multicultural areas, and as Newham is a multicultural area my research could offer explanations or racism. My theoretical approach is interpretist. (105 words) CONTEXT AND CONCEPTS My first article is The institute of Race Relations 1969 report by Rose et al, from the book Sociology themes and perspectives by Haralambos and Holborn. Rose et al carried out research to discover how widespread racist beliefs are amongst individuals. The research involved a questionnaire asking four key questions about discrimination of West Indians, Indians and Pakistanis. The respondents were then divided into four categories depending on how prejudice they were. Rose and his fellow researchers found six differences. Amongst these, were that women were slightly more tolerant than men and Conservative voters were more prejudice than Labour voters. Their results prove that social groups do have different perceptions of racism, which is why I want to know if race affects perceptions of racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Youth perceptions of Racism in Newham specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer My second article is from a National Educational Association, which I found from a textbook called Contemporary moral issues. This is a particularly interesting article for my research because it suggests that White people are frequently racist without knowing. It says, When we discriminate, we are racist. When we live in a segregated neighbourhood, we are being racist. When we avoid friendships because of race, when we use racist language, when we tell jokes based on racial stereotypes, we are being racist. Racial stereotyping is labelling people and thinking they will be a particular way because of physical characteristics. This article is important for my proposal, because I need to understand all forms of racism to see how far people will agree with them. My proposed research aims to explore different social constructions of racism. The concept Racism is believing or acting as though an individual or group is superior or inferior on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin. Usually due to skin colour or other physical characteristics, and suggesting that groups defined as inferior have lower intelligence and abilities. This is the official definition, the reality for some groups is different, which is why my argument is that different people understand racism differently. Some people, therefore, are arguably racist without realising it. My aim is to find out how race can affect someones attitude towards racism. The idea of race refers to the attempt to divide humans into different racial groups according to physical characteristics. Sociologists generally regard this as a pointless exercise as it doesnt explain human culture. This is because human behaviour is largely due to socialisation not physical characteristics. Despite this race is a major source of identity. Does this race identity mean people view racism differently? (417 words) MAIN RESEARCH METHOD AND REASONS My main research method will be the same as Anne Oakley and Hannah Gavron, that is, in-depth unstructured interviews. These two women benefited from the rapport that they established with their interviewees, which is something that I hope to achieve. My theoretical approach is interperatist and is in the style of Howard S. Becker (1963) Outsiders. I will interview 10/20 people from Newham. These people would be youths, aged between 16 and 18, and they will have to represent the ethnic mix in Newham. The significance of Newham, is not only because I live there which means I could offer my own experiences of racism to my proposal, but also because it is a very multicultural area. This means that I will be able to get people from all ethnic groups to participate in my research. When I do my interviews, I will be doing them as if the interviewee and myself are just having a normal conversation. I will ask the interviewee a series of open-ended questions, where their answer to one question will lead to my next question. I have chosen a qualitative method, so my research will be very valid. This is because I am asking for an opinion, so my interviewees will be able to give a better, more valid answer to them. I will tape-record my interviews so that the interviewees can talk freely, I will try to find out things like what they think racism is, and why, I would like to know if they have experienced racism personally, or if they know someone who has and I would also like to know how racist they think Newham is. It is important to let people speak for themselves to understand exactly how they feel about racism, as everyone is different, and they couldnt express their true feelings in a questionnaire, and statistics of racist attacks dont explain why racism exists. After I get my results I might be able to see if someones race does affect their idea of racism, and I might also be able to explain why racism exists in Newham. However, I have to remember that I have used a very small sample group, so it might be useful for a future study, to write up a small questionnaire, asking people if they agree with some of the more important ideas put forward by the interviewees. (395 words) POTENTIAL PROBLEMS The gender of my interviewees could become a problem, because boys and girls generally have different attitudes towards most aspects of life. This is a problem because it could bring in how gender affects perceptions of racism, which I dont want to happen because it would complicate things and it would draw away from what my research is all about. However, my proposal is about youth perceptions of racism, so I will use both sexes and avoid the gender issue. Another problem could be my influence on the interviewee, I must be careful not to influence their answer. This poses a bigger problem for when I ask questions to people outside of my race, because they might not speak their mind, to avoid offending me. The setting of the interview, may affect it, so I would have to talk to the interviewee on their familiar grounds, to avoid intimidating them. It would also take a long time to set up and carry out the interviews, find the sample and then compare all of my results. Because my research method is qualitative it lacks reliability. So I might not get the answer I want. I also wont be able to generalise my results because I havent used a big enough sample group. Recruiting my interviewees could pose a problem, because I need one person per ethnic group from Newham. I know people from most of the ethnic groups, but for the rest I would need to look for people in college. I have to make sure that the interviews are kept confidential, because some of the interviewees might have racist opinions that they dont want anyone to know. From this, another problem could arise, that is, can I guarantee confidentiality. What if one of my interviewees tells me about a racist attack they were part of.