Phase 3 Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Phase 3 Discussion Board - Assignment Example Based on the above argument, it is my pleasure to report that the most important decision to make is to improve the level of quality of our services. As a production department, there is a need to look for all the available resources which can enable us to improve our efficiency. This means that proper measures should be taken to improve the general conditions of the working environment. If it is properly done, it will have long term benefits to the company since it will be crucial in accomplishing its objectives. The first decision to make is to improve the efficiency of the machines. In the production department, several equipments need to be used. However, for them to be helpful to the company, they should be in a good condition. In this regard, the company should acquire modern and up to date machines to use in the production process. A part from this, deliberate measures should be taken to ensure that the efficiency of the available equipments is improved. This can be done by up dating them and giving them the necessary maintenance. For instance, if there is any worn out part, it should be repaired or replaced. Thus, it will be possible for the organization to improve the efficiency of these machines. The other decision to make is to reorganize the scheduling process of production. In order to be more efficient, it is necessary for the production department to readjust the time schedule of the production process. Since time is a very important resource for the company, it should not be misused any more. Instead, the management should come up with measures to ensure that all the activities are planned (Gomez-Mejia, 2008). Once everything is done as per the schedule, the operations will smoothly run without any delay. This will be a great step towards improving our service delivery. At the same time, it will help in establishing a good rapport with our

Gun shooting problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gun shooting problems - Essay Example These laws vary widely and there is a need of promotions or campaigns to enhance public awareness. Following measures can be taken in order to prevent gun shooting at schools. There are many varieties of solutions each has different grades of expense and levels of security. These are designing of laws and policies to inhibit children from gaining access to guns, equipping all school entries, as well as all related rooms, with bulletproof doors within a school that automatically lock upon shutting, lower technology doors that should be opened only from the inside or from the outside with keys, introduction of jamblock, a portion of steel that can rapidly be protected under a classroom door, efficiently locking it and significantly reducing the movement of anyone determined on breaking in and Having metal sensors or .,detectors at the secure entry. 4. Social and cultural contexts: Crisis in youth culture educational institutions, especially public schools, Widespread availability and acceptance of guns, Drugs and medications, bullying, media and video games, areas with a strong conservative religious population Today in United States increasing gun violence in school and other areas of society become a serious national and social issue. The United States has been suffering from prevalent levels of gun violence yearly. There are greater than 100,000 Americans who become victims of gun violence every year according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gun ownership is prevalent in United States and gun violence is rampant. Fatal school shootings at a widespread variety of schools have claimed over 400 undergraduates and faculty lives since columbine. In summer 2012, there have been may well publicized school shootings in America. On February 10, 2012 in Walpole, 14 year old students shoot himself in front of his fellow students. Former classmates opened fire on three students and kill them and injured six

Designing A Creep Testing Machine Engineering Essay

Designing A Creep Testing Machine Engineering Essay A Creep Testing Machine is one that accurately measures the creep of a material under constant load and at elevated temperatures until final rupture. Basically, it demonstrates the effect of Temperature on Creep. Creep is defined as the time dependant deformation of a material under constant load at constant elevated temperature. The resulting strain is a function of applied stress, temperature and time. Creep is increasingly important in industry in many different applications ranging from turbine rotors, high pressure steam tubes, suspended cables, tightened bolts where materials are subjected to extremely high temperatures and stresses which may cause them to change size, shape and lead to rupture. So the main objective of a creep test is to measure how a given material will perform under constant loads and elevated temperatures to make sure they are ready for use in industry under such conditions. In a creep test, a tensile specimen is subjected to a constant load inside a furnace set to a specified temperature maintained at a constant high temperature. The material will go through 3 phases of creep; primary, secondary (steady state, lengthiest stage) and tertiary until it ruptures. The test may run on for days until eventually the specimen fails and the creep properties are recorded. http://spaceflight.esa.int/impress/text/education/Images/MechanicalProperties/image075.png Applications in industry Creep testing is increasingly important in large areas of industry. There are three types of high temperature industry applications. Displacement limited applications: where precise dimensions must be maintained, examples of which are in turbine rotors/aircraft turbine blades. Rupture limited applications: where fracture must be avoided, such as in steam tubes. Stress-relaxation limited applications: where initial tension relaxes with time such as in suspended cables and tightened bolts. Aims and Objectives: To fully design a Creep Testing Machine within a hard budget in the given time frame by the end of the semester in week 13. The reason behind the project is to provide AUT Engineering School with its first working Creep Machine. It will provide an opportunity for materials to be tested for Creep under extremely high temperatures for research or educational purposes after the project is completed. The very high temperatures will allow for testing stronger more complex materials such as alloys with higher melting points. A fully detailed, clear and FEA tested 3D CAD drawing will be produced, effectively demonstrating the complete final design of the Creep Testing Machine in all of its dimensions and absolute properties. Deliverables: The machine will be designed to be cheap, practical, robust, reliable, easy to use, relatively lightweight, safe (to the touch), long lasting and professional looking. The project meets the academic requirements of my qualification as it will require a great deal of knowledge I have obtained from papers such as: material science, manufacturing technology, CAD/solidworks engineering design, quantitative techniques, thermodynamics, solid mechanics and heat transfer papers. Potential Industry organisations involved: Steel suppliers high temperature material suppliers high temperature measuring/control device distributers electronic and electrical control distributers insulation material suppliers Resources (likely required): Solidworks/CAD design programs, matlab/computer programming programs, Microsoft excel, electrical/electronic equipment. Workshop machines: milling, lathe, drilling, soldering, welding machines and more. Project Plan Plan/chart will be subject to refinement throughout the duration of the project. Project Information This project is supposed to be carried on through until the end of the 4th year industrial project. From now until the end of the semester we will be designing the Creep Testing Machine completely, putting the designs through numerous tests and immense scrutiny until it is certain that the design will be achievable and the project a total success. Our supervisor, Tim, informed us with the estimated budget for this project of around $5,000NZ. This is a hard budget and we are not to exceed it under any circumstances. Therefore an important goal of this project is to stay under budget (by a decent sized margin if possible) and design a relatively cheap Creep Testing Machine that can be delivered realistically for the 4th year industrial project (where the machine should be produced). The Creep machine consists of several main components that fit into three categories; Heat, mechanics and control. The components are as follows: Frame, Furnace, Control, Electronics + Data acquisition, Strain measurement device (extra), Emergency shut off, Temperature measurement device, Grip system, Timer, On/Off switch and Loading mechanism. The furnace should be designed to reach exceedingly high temperatures of up to 800C so that it may be suitable for creep testing on a wide range of specimen materials (high T alloys etc) for research and educational purposes at the AUT Engineering department. During our first group meeting after the first formal meeting with our supervisor, we (the project team) assigned several components to each of us to carry out detailed research and gather our findings before the next meeting with Tim. The larger, more complex components namely the furnace and loading mechanism were both shared between me and Ramez, Steven and John-Paul respectively. The full details are illustrated in my logbook. Literature review So the components assigned to me for research were the Furnace, strain measuring device and the frame. I began dissecting the furnace into its individual components and features. A standard muffle furnace consists of insulation, the body, heating element, temperature measurement/controller and door with locking mechanism, compartments for other components (load train, measuring apparatus), mounting kit and air vents. After I completed some general research I developed a good and original idea of what our Creep testing machine will consist of: Furnace insulation will either consist of two different materials namely refractory firebrick and refractory ceramic fibre blanket or solely just ceramic fibre blanket/wool. These are highly heat resistance materials (one that has especially low thermal conductivity value k). Fire brick; would be the first line of insulation and the main barrier to heat loss from the furnace chamber with a k value of ~ 0.21 (@800C). Ceramic fibre; would be the surrounding/main layer of insulation and will be put around the fire brick and on the inner door surface. It has a k value of ~ 0.22 (@800C). There are several types of suitable fibre and one will be chosen based on its cost and thermal properties. The reason that firebrick is being considered as a layer of insulation is because of the ease of fitting it with heating elements. However they are more bulky and considerably heavier than ceramic blankets. The insulation choices will be theoretically tested for suitability using standard thermal resistance equations: Qtransfer = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T/Rth Rth = (1/hiA)+(L/kA)+ (1/hoA) Where; L is the minimum thickness of insulation, k is its thermal conductivity, h is the convection heat transfer coefficient and Rth is the total heat resistance. Choice and list of possible heating elements + why chosen. Take into accnt start up hting time The minimum insulation thickness required is found as follows; Properties: Power in: 1.6kW heating element à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T = TMAX TAMB Insulation, Ceramic fibre: k = 0.22W/m2K hi = 10W/mK, ho = 40W/mK Rth = (1/hiA)+(L/kA)+ (1/hoA) Rth = (1/10*0.35*0.15)+(L/0.22*0.35*0.15)+ (1/40*0.35*0.15) L = 21.87mm L Specimen HC H WC WW Body Chamber Initial Dimensions: Specimen ASTM: Round dog bone: Length, L = 127mm Flat dog bone: Length, L = 101mm Gripping mechanism: Length, L ~ 40mm Only round dog bone specimens will tested ASTM creep/fatigue specimens. Full dimensions below: ((+ gripping mechanism size)) The bottom pull rod will be fixed in place but the top pull rod will be adjustable such that the specimen can be placed into the gripping mechanisms. Therefore this will be considered when estimating the height of the furnace and its chamber. Preferably, the chamber should be small in size such that it can be heated up quicker and use up less energy thereby increasing the efficiency of the furnace. Therefore, Chamber width, WC = 150mm Chamber Length, LC = 150mm Chamber Height, HC = 350mm As the minimum insulation thickness ranges from 21 to27mm (depending on the heating elements power rating) therefore, it will be necessary to have two layers of 25mm thick insulation around the chamber. So the outer body dimensions will be about: Width, W = 250mm Length, L = 200mm Height, H = 450mm The main body will almost certainly be made from mild steel due to its relatively low cost and robust, tough nature. The heating element will have to be either kanthal A1 or Nichrome most probably in wire form so that it may be easily routed into specially made grooves in the firebrick. With temperature ranges up to 1800C and relatively low cost kanthal A1 may be more suitable in this case. The time for the furnace to reach its required temperature will also be taken into account and the choice of heating element (power rating, shape and material) will be based on the time it takes to heat the chamber to a stable working temperature and the thickness of insulation required to work at such energy inputs. Also whether or not the heating element can be fitted into the insulation material will be a factor. Temperature measurement and control device will most probably be a standard high temperature thermocouple. There are many different types, shapes and sizes but most are relatively cheap and affordable regarding the project budget. The thermocouple will give the give the reading and control the temperature in the chamber (keeping it at a constant working temperature) by clicking the relay on and off when necessary. The furnace body will have to be made from a hard, tough and relatively thick material. This is why I think that mild steel sheets should be purchased and formed to the desired shape. Processes such as bending and cutting can be undertaken at the mechanical engineering workshop at AUT. Mild steel plates/sheets prices per quantity + list of possible materials, choose most suitable. An idea that I have deemed suitable for the furnace is that a simple solid, robust steel filing cabinet could be converted into a furnace body. Simple tools and workshop resources available at AUT can be used to machine the necessary features to make it work as a muffle furnace. This could potentially save a great deal of investment that could be used in other areas where it is needed more (concerning the project). The strain measuring device will have to be one that works efficiently under the high temperatures experienced with muffle furnaces. I have narrowed it down to either a high temperature extensometer or an LVDT. The most suitable device is the high temperature extensometer as they are specifically suited to such elevated temperatures and give an extremely accurate strain/displacement measurement beyond ASTM standards. They can also be attached easily to standard creep testing furnaces. However, a strain measuring device is an optional extra as the specimen displacement can be accurately measured after the specimen ruptures and simple calculations can be used to determine the strain experienced. A strain measuring device would be for convenience purposes only. List of strain measuring devices, filter to high temp use devices, then the only suitable model + prices and deem if actually suitable. Speak with Wassim. Extensometer or LVDT. Resources Introduction to Engineering Design, Andrew Samuel and John Weir Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, Serope Kalpakjian Heat and Mass Transfer a practical approach, Yunus A Cengel Thermodynamics an Engineering approach, Cengel and Boles Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, William D Callister Jr http://www.atspa.com/3110_r2.pdf http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttextpid=S1516-14392005000400008 http://www.mts.com/ucm/groups/public/documents/library/dev_003704.pdf http://www.zwick.de/en/products/static-materials-testing-machines/creep-test-machines.html http://www.epsilontech.com/3448.htm http://www.ariindustries.com/thermocouples/high_temperature_thermocouples.php3

Louis Brandeis and Jewish Political Identity :: Zionism Louis Brandeis Jewish Identity

Louis Brandeis and Jewish Political Identity â€Å"Whence comes this combination of qualities of mind, body and character? These are qualities with which every one of us is familiar, singly and in combination; which you find in friends and relatives; and which other doubtless discover in you. They are qualities possessed by most Jews who have attained distinction or other success. In combination, they may properly be called Jewish qualities. For they have not come to us by accident; they developed by three thousand years of civilization, and nearly two thousand years of persecution; developed through our religion and spiritual life; through our traditions; and through the social and political conditions under which our ancestors lived. They are, in short, the product of Jewish life.† – Louis D. Brandeis Louis Brandeis makes an inspirational plea to the educated Jews in this passage, calling on them to push for the establishment of a Jewish home. Zionism, a movement which came about very recently in Jewish history, pushed on with power through the early twentieth century fueled by the past. As Jewish identity was stretched thin between geographical association and religious affiliation, Jews found themselves struggling for national recognition. Louis Brandeis, in A Call to the Educated Jew said â€Å"the glorious past can really live only if it becomes the mirror of a glorious future; and to this end the Jewish home in Palestine is essential. We Jews of prosperous America above all need its inspiration† (Glatzer 713). Brandeis’s depiction of Jewish qualities is, more than anything, a call to understand Jewish identity. As a proponent of Zionism, Brandeis recognized the importance of unity, and tried to bring Jews together in identifying their characteristics: â€Å"†¦qualities with which every one of us is familiar†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Glatzer 707). In the United States, a country whose Jewish population was composed of Jews from other nations around the globe, a sense of strong identity was of singular importance. These treasured qualities of mind, body and character â€Å"†¦may properly be called Jewish qualities.† (Glatzer 707). Brandeis redefines the meaning of â€Å"Jew† for those who had lost themselves in immigration and overwhelming anti-Semitism. So what can we understand about Jewish identity from this piece? Brandeis does not shy away from the importance of Jewish history. In fact he lauds it as the impetus behind the outstanding qualities which the Jews of his day possessed. â€Å"†¦They have not come to us by accident; they developed by three thousand years of civilization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Glatzer 707).

Analysis of environment, industry and SWOT analysis

The Australian food retailing industry is characterized by a high level of competitiveness. The intense competitiveness has led to an environment in which emphasis on cost efficiency has become the critical success factor. In the general environment, the key to maintaining competitiveness has become ensuring cost efficiency through efficient supply chain management.This efficiency can be promoted technologically. Economic factors are also important in the environment. These factors manifest themselves in high levels of household debt, a low national rate of saving, falling house prices, falling oil prices and increases in unemployment and interest rates. In Aldi’s case, these environmental factors are likely to exercise a negative influence on consumer spending.The threat of new entrants is high in this industry. For example, Aldi faces the threat of its main European rival Lidl entering the Australian market. Therefore the threat of substitute products is also high. This thre at is underscored by the fact that most competitors are carrying house brands which are enabling them to offer high quality at a low price. This has resulted in a high level of competitive rivalry.The main competitors currently are Woolworths and Coles-Myer. These are the two major national chains. There are also smaller regional players such Action, IGA and Franklins. These companies are focusing on cost efficiencies and therefore sustainability of competitive advantage has become difficult to maintain. Bargaining power of customers in the FMCG industry is also high. However the bargaining power of suppliers is not that high. Costs in this case have been streamlined through building long term relations.Aldi’s main strength is the process of decentralization empowering managers. There is a high degree of delegation in the company. The company’s weakness is in its lack of investment in marketing. Currently this is not a problem but in the future, as new entrants stake o ut a claim in the industry, the company might have to invest in aggressive promotional strategies (cited in Hill, 2008).However the company is not structured to shift focus accordingly. Lack of market research might also become a problem in case of increased competitiveness. The opportunity for the company is to move into other Australian states and territories.In the immediate time frame, the company should focus on South Australia because of its proximity to its current locations. The threat is the rising level of competition not only from the existing players but also from new entrants. The competitive threat is being created in terms of cost improvements and product diversifications (cited in Aaker, 2004).Key resources and capabilitiesThe source of Aldi’s competitive advantage is cost leadership. Implementation of this strategy has been facilitated by maintaining good relations with channel members and ensuring employee satisfaction.Channel members include the suppliers a nd the customers. Aldi’s strategic focus is to ensure maximum customer satisfaction by maintaining a product range that is in alignment with customer tastes and preferences. The company also maintains good relations with the suppliers by maintaining a shared information network.Its cultural orientation is also unique in terms of facilitating the highest degree of decentralization and delegation. This gives the managers a sense of ownership over their processes and as a result they are committed to the continuous improvement process. This is a critical success factor for the company in the highly competitive environment in which it operates and these resources ensure a sustainable competitive advantage.What gives Aldi a sustainable competitive advantage is its limited product range that consists of house brands. The advantage of maintaining this orientation is that strategies against the threat of product differentiation can be implemented.This is particularly relevant in Aldi ’s case because it faces intense competition from Woolworths and Coles-Meyer which are major national chains and draw their competitive advantage from maintaining a widely diversified product portfolio.Therefore Aldi has to position itself as a low cost provider of products of comparable quality. This is facilitated through cutting costs in areas such as not providing free shopping bags, surcharges on credit card payments and motivating customers to manage their own shopping trolleys.These strategies enable the company to cut down the size of its manpower and therefore reduce costs. Being cost conscious is the first part of its guiding philosophy. The second and third parts of the philosophy are related to ensuring satisfaction with customers and suppliers.

Economics Is The Study Of The Ownership, Use, And Exchange...

Economics is the study of the ownership, use, and exchange of competing wants - Economics is observed as a societal knowledge because it uses scientific methods to form theories that can help clarify the performance of individuals, groups and organisations. Economics challenges to describe economic behaviour, which rises when scarce resources are exchanged. http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/What_is_economics.html I will be aiming to answer three questions on economics- I have chosen question 2 (Elasticity) question 4 (Perfect and monopoly competition) and question 5 (Price discrimination). Question 2) Elasticity is a bill of responsiveness. The responsiveness of measured by variable quantity Z to a modification in†¦show more content†¦http://www.economist.com/economics-a-to-z/p#node-21529502 An example would be: A magazine costing  £1.00 and then increasing by an extra 20p, the daily sales would then fall from 500,000 to 250,000 the PED would be: - 50% / + 20% = (-) 2.5 The negative sign indicates that the Price and the Quantity are related, which you would expect for most price/demand relationships as a rise in price will fall in the quantity demanded. This is important due to the magazine supplier being able to estimate the revenue that will be affected by the change in price. From above, the revenue at  £1.00 is  £500,000, but falls to  £30,000 after the price has risen. http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/Price_elasticity_of_demand.html The government has many products which are imposed to indirect taxation, an example of this is inelastic, meaning fuel or alcohol. The price elasticity of demand is important for these products as it is able to determine how much tax producers can change on consumers as the prices rise. Companies/Firms are able to use PED in many ways, which enables them to decide the change of price effected by the total revenue of sales which then the price change that is likely caused by the supply changes. Income elasticity of demand Income elasticity of demand (YED) shows the effect of a change in income on quantity demanded based on the consumers income, and YED shows precisely the extent to which changes in income lead to

Slavery In Latin America Essay example - 1641 Words

Slavery In Latin America Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than did plantations in more temperate areas of Norther Brazil or costal city’s serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African continent. This essay will look at these different situations and explore the factors that determined the treatment of slaves, the consequences of that treatment, and the conditions that lead to resistance by the slaves working in their various capacities. After the initial conquest of Mexico and South America it was time to develop the economy and export the†¦show more content†¦They could sell what they produced and this gave them money with which to effect manumissions. The plantation life had a hierarchy that separated the slaves into three levels with value attached to each one. The lowest level of the hierarchy was the â€Å"Bozal.† These were slave born on the African continent with little or no acculturation with the Spaniards and Portugese who enslaved them. They were of the least value as the least skilled and plenty there were plenty more where they came from. Though they were not completely disposable they were of the least consequence should they die or run off. Next up the pecking order were the â€Å"Ladino.† These slaves had more time in country and had developed skills useful to the plantation owner. They were often in working positions of a bit higher value as well. The top of the chain were the â€Å"Criollo.† These were slaves that were born in Latin America. They were often times offspring of Spaniards or Portugese and as such had more ties to the community. Mulatto’s were not looked down upon as they were in the American south. The Criollo held trusted positions in transportation, and were most often manumitted. Also enjoying frequent manumission was the criollo involved in the processing of the crops. Field hands made up the bulk of the population of any givenShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Latin America1676 Words   |  7 Pages#65279; Slavery in the Americas was quite diverse. Mining operations in the tropics experienced different needs and suffered different challenges than did plantations in more temperate areas of Norther Brazil or costal citys serving as ports for the exporting of commodities produced on the backs of the enslaved peoples from the African continent. 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